Health Insurance in France

France’s championed healthcare system works using a combination of public and private services. Social security contributions (which are deducted from salaries of all working in France), government funding, and patient payments make up healthcare costs.

In 2016, the French government implemented a new French healthcare scheme aimed at expats, known as the Protection Universelle Maladie (PUMA). It guarantees that everyone who lives or works in France for longer than three months will have access to public healthcare and reimbursements. Also, doctors and certain medical personnel have to waive upfront payments and be paid directly by the government or health insurer, unlike before when some patients had to pay upfront for their French healthcare services and make a claim later.

Expats living in France can expect to receive a minimum reimbursement of 70% of their medical bill. However, for long-term illnesses, 100% of the costs are covered. Whatever figure is left to pay must be paid by the patient or through supplementary expat insurance.

Yes, France has a public healthcare system that is considered one of the best in the world. The system is based on a universal healthcare model, primarily funded through taxes and mandatory contributions from salaries. Public healthcare in France operates through L’Assurance Maladie, which is the state-run health insurance program.

Key features of France’s public healthcare include:

France’s public healthcare system ensures equitable access to quality healthcare while offering flexibility for individuals to supplement their coverage with private insurance.

Whether expats in France need private health insurance depends on their residency status and access to the public healthcare system. Here’s a breakdown:

In summary, expats planning to live in France long-term can rely on the public system once registered, though many choose private supplementary expat insurance. Expats staying short-term or not yet eligible for PUMA will need private health insurance to ensure coverage.

France’s universal healthcare system, known as Protection Universelle Maladie (PUMA), guarantees healthcare access to all French citizens, regardless of their age, financial status, or social standing.

If you plan to move to France, you can register for PUMA and access healthcare through the state-run public health insurance system, L’Assurance Maladie, after residing in the country for three consecutive months with the intention of staying at least six months per year.

Health insurance is mandatory for all residents in France, with L’Assurance Maladie serving as the minimum coverage requirement. For employed individuals, contributions are automatically deducted from salaries, while low-income or unemployed residents may qualify for free coverage.

State health insurance typically reimburses about 70% of general practitioner fees, 80% of hospital charges, and fully covers certain medications. Patients usually pay for medical services upfront and are later reimbursed by the insurance system. Many residents also opt for private health insurance to cover the remaining costs, while those not registered with PUMA must secure private healthcare policies.

Expats planning to move to France typically need a visa, depending on their nationality, the purpose of their stay, and its duration. Citizens of EU/EEA countries do not require a visa, but non-EU nationals, such as those from the U.S., UK, Canada, or Australia, generally do. Below is an overview of common visa requirements and types:

Applicants generally need to submit an online application, attend an in-person appointment, and provide required documents such as a valid passport, proof of intent (e.g., employment contract, university admission), and financial proof. Processing times vary, so it’s recommended to apply well in advance.

For further details, consult official sources like France Visas or local French consulates to ensure your application meets the latest requirements

To apply for a French visa, you’ll first need to determine which visa type is suitable for your needs. You’ll then need to collect and prepare your documents, which should include:

You can use France-Visas to complete your application and book an appointment. At this appointment you will be able to submit documents, provide biometrics, and pay fees (€80 for Schengen, €99 for long-stay) at the consulate or a visa centre.

Processing takes 15 days (short-stay) or weeks (long-stay). Long-stay visa holders must validate their visa via the OFII within 3 months of arrival​.

France’s working culture is characterised by a balance between professionalism, collaboration, and a strong emphasis on work-life harmony. French workplaces often prioritise collective success and fostering innovation, with a focus on achieving results while respecting employees’ personal lives.

French workplaces tend to have a formal atmosphere, particularly in larger organisations. Titles and surnames are commonly used in professional interactions until a more informal rapport is established. Polished communication and diplomacy are highly valued, as is showing respect for hierarchy, which plays a significant role in many French companies. However, input from all levels is encouraged, fostering collaboration and creativity.

While punctuality is important, the French workplace sometimes allows for a more flexible interpretation of time compared to cultures like Germany. Meetings may have a social or intellectual component, reflecting the French appreciation for discussion and debate. Decision-making can be thorough, often involving detailed analysis and input from multiple stakeholders.

France is renowned for its strong labour protections and emphasis on work-life balance. The legal workweek is 35 hours, and there are strict rules governing overtime. Employees are entitled to at least five weeks of paid annual leave, along with 11 public holidays. Many French companies respect employees’ right to disconnect outside of work hours, reinforcing personal time as a priority.

The French working environment often reflects the broader cultural emphasis on quality, creativity, and intellectual pursuits. There’s a respect for expertise and innovation, and employees are often encouraged to think critically and express their ideas.

This blend of structure, collaboration, and respect for personal well-being makes working in France a unique and fulfilling experience for expats.

Employment laws in France for expats include several key regulations aimed at ensuring fair treatment and workplace protections:

These laws apply to expats working under French contracts. Those working on temporary assignments or under foreign contracts may have different regulations. It is advisable for expats to consult legal experts or resources tailored to international workers for further guidance​.

Expats living or working in France are subject to the country’s tax laws, which are influenced by residency status, income sources, and double taxation treaties. Here’s an overview:

You’re considered a tax resident in France if your primary residence, professional activities, or the centre of your economic interests are located in the country. Tax residents are taxed on their worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed only on French-sourced income.

France has agreements with many countries to avoid double taxation, ensuring income is not taxed in both France and your home country.

French income tax is progressive, ranging from 0% for annual income up to €11,294 to 45% for earnings above €177,107. Non-residents face a flat rate of 20% on income up to €28,797, increasing to 30% beyond that threshold.

Self-employed individuals and business owners face additional taxes, including social contributions and specific allowances for expenses or professional activities.

Expats may also encounter other taxes, such as:

Capital Gains Tax: Varies by asset type and holding period but generally applies to real estate and investments.

Property Tax: Paid by property owners.

Social Security Contributions: These fund benefits like healthcare and pensions.